Tag: tree longevity

Key Takeaways

• Tree topping is an extreme form of tree pruning that cuts away most of a tree’s trunk and branch structure. This drastic and damaging pruning practice interferes with the tree’s natural growth and health.
• Myths like tree topping as a quick fix or even good for tree health are misleading at best. Topping trees do irreparable long-term harm and leaves trees much more vulnerable.
• Topping removes trees’ vital nutrient factories, their leaves, decreasing trees’ leaf area, thus weakening growth and increasing recovery time.
• Bark that has been exposed through topping is especially vulnerable to sunscald and decay. At the same time, the regrowth is often weak and more susceptible to failure, presenting serious safety concerns.
• Topped trees are far more vulnerable to pests and disease, as well as structural instability, and usually need to be removed in a few short years.
• Correct pruning, choosing the right tree species, and using qualified arborists are all good sustainable substitutes. These practices protect trees, ensuring they live long, healthy lives.

Tree topping is just that—cutting off the top branches of a tree. This practice usually results in large stubs or lateral branches being left. It can feel like a quick fix for handling a tree’s height or appearance.

This is an extremely destructive practice for the tree. Topping immediately destroys the tree’s natural shape and growth pattern, weakens the tree, and exposes the tree to disease and pests. Without a sufficient canopy, trees are unable to photosynthesize as much energy as they need, resulting in further stress and a shorter lifespan.

This technique further compromises structural integrity, raising the chances of branch failure and putting trees at greater risk during storms. Now that you know the negative effects of tree topping, you’re better equipped to make the right decisions for your trees’ care and long-term health.

Using proper pruning techniques is safer for trees and tree workers.

What Is Tree Topping?

Definition Of Tree Topping

Tree topping is a harmful and reckless pruning practice. It means removing a huge proportion of a tree’s top growth, usually resulting in unsightly stumps on the ends of branches. This practice not only eliminates the tree’s primary structural branches but often its central leader or trunk as well.

The end product is a tree that appears unnatural, lopsided, and sparse, with large sections of its natural architecture removed. Though this might sound like an easy fix, tree topping puts tremendous strain on the tree. Once the tree loses this big crown of leaves, it can’t perform enough photosynthesis to create the energy it needs to survive.

Each piece of this loss of foliage slows the tree’s overall decline.

Reasons People Top Trees

There are very limited situations in which we would recommend a homeowner top their trees. Some wish to decrease a tree’s height to make room for commensurate utility wires. Others still might do so to improve a scenic view.

Still, others could be forgiven for thinking that topping is a reasonable approach for keeping an overgrown tree small. Aesthetic preferences may factor in, with some believing it produces a more manicured or orderly appearance. These reasons usually come from a misunderstanding of the long-term effects of topping.

Common Misconceptions About Topping

One persistent misconception is that tree topping is harmless and may even be helpful to the tree. In practice, this practice often leaves trees susceptible to disease, pests, and decay.

Another common myth is that a topped tree will return with a vengeance. Although new shoots can sprout almost immediately, the new growth is typically weak and poorly attached, making them more susceptible to breakage.

How Tree Topping Harms Trees

Tree topping ignores the natural growth development of trees, ultimately resulting in a stressed, unhealthy tree. Once these large branches are removed, the tree is damaged in its capability to efficiently grow. Trees need a balance between the number of branches and the number of leaves to stay strong and healthy.

By taking away this balance, you’re forcing the tree to go into survival mode, creating abnormal sprouting that compromises its future stability.

Causes Nutrient Deprivation

Topping instantly and dramatically reduces a tree’s healthy canopy, the most important component of the tree for photosynthesis. Since leaves are trees’ food factories, losing those leaves means the tree can no longer make enough energy to survive.

For example, a large maple tree with a dense canopy supports its growth by converting sunlight into food through its leaves. With so many branches removed, the tree can’t produce enough energy to sustain itself and begin growing again, often resulting in stunted growth and poor health.

Leads To Sunscald Damage

Without its natural cover, a topped tree’s bark can be vulnerable to sun damage. This makes it susceptible to sunburn or sunscald, which destroys the protective bark layer.

Left unaddressed, this trauma can lead to splitting, rot, and susceptibility to other ailments. Oaks and other broadleaf trees go into shock and decay from severe bark injuries when topped.

Weakens Branch Structures

New growth following a topping is typically poorly attached, resulting in an increased risk of branch failure. These unintentional branches that get left in the tree are not only visually unappealing, they’re unsafe.

In places where storms run rampant, dropping branches can lead to damage or injury, and the tree then becomes a liability.

Increases Pest And Disease Risks

The stress topping reduces a tree’s natural defenses, making it more susceptible to pests and pathogens. Bark beetles, for example, are fast to infest stressed trees, and fungal pathogens infect the openings created from topping.

This increased vulnerability contributes to additional decline.

Slows Natural Growth Recovery

Recovery from topping is very slow for the very reason that a topped tree has exhausted its energy reserves. Now, that tree is limping along with a depleted leaf supply and torn-up limbs.

It might take years for it to become strong again if it even recovers. Throughout this time, the tree is vulnerable to other health issues, which compound the damage done by topping.

Long-Term Effects Of Tree Topping

Impacts On Tree Longevity

Every time a tree is topped, it lands a potentially fatal hit on that tree’s long-term health and survival. Research estimates over half of topped trees will require removal within five years. This is primarily because of the stress caused by improper pruning techniques.

When you remove large sections of the crown, usually 50% – 100%, the tree cannot grow the amount of food it needs through photosynthesis. This can powerfully undermine its vibrancy. By exposing the tree’s inner canopy and vascular structure, topping the tree leaves it vulnerable to pests and disease.

This chronic exposure can result in catastrophic infestations. Quick changes in temperature and direct sunlight beating down on exposed bark can cause rapid changes in temperature. This results in wounds and lesions that may compromise the tree’s vascular system.

This damage is by nature permanent, with the treated tree never able to fully heal, and potentially cutting its lifespan by as much as 50%.

Challenges In Long-Term Maintenance

Topping is anything but a quick fix. It traps the tree in a cycle of perpetual maintenance. As a reaction to topping, trees produce a flush of vigorous, weak, water-sprouting branches that are structurally unsound and hazardous.

These branches are highly susceptible to breakage during storms, creating serious safety hazards. To compensate for this, topped trees need more frequent pruning, increasing time and expense. Without continued maintenance, these stressed branches become risks, sometimes causing serious damage to property or injury to pedestrians.

This ongoing maintenance is an undue financial burden on property owners and highlights the long-term effects of tree topping.

Reduced Aesthetic And Property Value

In addition to being dangerous, a topped tree loses its natural beauty, often appearing misshapen or stunted. This reduces the aesthetic quality of an entire landscape and can ultimately reduce property value as well.

Not only do healthy, well-maintained trees improve curb appeal, but opped trees tend to do just the opposite.